Estimating the cost impact of atrial fibrillation using a prospective cohort study and population-based controls.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) costs are expected to be substantial, but cost comparisons with the general population are scarce. Using data from the prospective Swiss-AF cohort study and population-based controls, we estimated the impact of AF on direct healthcare costs from the Swiss statutory health insurance perspective.
Methods: Swiss-AF patients, enrolled from 2014 to 2017, had documented, prevalent AF. We analysed 5 years of follow-up, where clinical data, and health insurance claims in 42% of the patients were collected on a yearly basis. Controls from a health insurance claims database were matched for demographics and region. The cost impact of AF was estimated using five different methods: (1) ordinary least square regression (OLS), (2) OLS-based two-part modelling, (3) generalised linear model-based two-part modelling, (4) 1:1 nearest neighbour propensity score matching and (5) a cost adjudication algorithm using Swiss-AF data non-comparatively and considering clinical data. Cost of illness at the Swiss national level was modelled using obtained cost estimates, prevalence from the Global Burden of Disease Project, and Swiss population data.
Results: The 1024 Swiss-AF patients with available claims data were compared with 16 556 controls without known AF. AF patients accrued CHF5600 (EUR5091) of AF-related direct healthcare costs per year, in addition to non-AF-related healthcare costs of CHF11100 (EUR10 091) per year accrued by AF patients and controls. All five methods yielded comparable results. AF-related costs at the national level were estimated to amount to 1% of Swiss healthcare expenditure.
Conclusions: We robustly found direct medical costs of AF patients were 50% higher than those of population-based controls. Such information on the incremental cost burden of AF may support healthcare capacity planning.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: Professor Beer reports grant support from the Swiss National Foundation of Science, The Swiss Heart Foundation and the Stiftung Kardio; grant support, speakers- and consultation fees to the institution from Bayer, Sanofi and Daichii Sankyo. Dr Blozik reports grants from Swiss Cancer Research Foundation; institutional grants from Amgen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, all outside the submitted work. Dr Bonati reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Amgen, grants from AstraZeneca, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Bayer, personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, personal fees from Claret Medical, grants from Swiss National Science Foundation, grants from University of Basel, grants from Swiss Heart Foundation, outside the submitted work. Dr Conen received consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics, and speaker fees from Servier and BMS/Pfizer, all outside of the current work. Dr Kühne reports personal fees from Bayer, personal fees from Böhringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Pfizer BMS, personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Biotronik, personal fees from Boston Scientific, personal fees from Johnson&Johnson, personal fees from Roche, grants from Bayer, grants from Pfizer, grants from Boston Scientific, grants from BMS, grants from Biotronik, grants from Daiichi Sankyo. Dr Moschovitis has received consultant fees for taking part to advisory boards from Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Astra Zeneca and Daiichi Sankyo, all outside of the presented work. Dr Müller reports fellowship and training support from Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Abbott/St. Jude Medical, and Biosense Webster; speaker honoraria from Biosense Webster, Medtronic, Abbott/St. Jude Medical, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Biotronik, MicroPort, Novartis, and consultant honoraria for Biosense Webster, Medtronic, Abbott/St. Jude Medcal, and Biotronik. Dr Osswald received research grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and from the Swiss Heart Foundation, research grants from Foundation for CardioVascular Research Basel, research grants from Roche, educational and speaker office grants from Roche, Bayer, Novartis, Sanofi AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo and Pfizer. Dr Reichlin has received research grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Heart Foundation, and the sitem insel support fund, all for work outside the submitted study. Speaker/consulting honoraria or travel support from Abbott/SJM, Astra Zeneca, Brahms, Bayer, Biosense-Webster, Biotronik, Boston-Scientific, Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic, Pfizer-BMS and Roche, all for work outside the submitted study. Support for his institution’s fellowship program from Abbott/SJM, Biosense-Webster, Biotronik, Boston-Scientific and Medtronic for work outside the submitted study. Dr Schwenkglenks reports grants from Swiss National Science Foundation, for the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Amgen, grants from MSD, grants from Novartis, grants from Pfizer, grants from The Medicines Company, all outside the submitted work. Dr Serra-Burriel reports grants from the European Commission outside of the present work. Dr Sticherling has received speaker honoraria from Biosense Webster and Medtronic and research grants from Biosense Webster, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Medtronic. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)