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CaO 2 nanomedicines: a review of their emerging roles in cancer therapy.

Authors :: He C
Zhang S
Liu X
Wang J
Huang Y
Zhang A
Zhang X
Source :: Nanotechnology [Nanotechnology] 2023 Sep 12; Vol. 34 (48). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 12.
Publication Year :: 2023
Abstract: Metal peroxide-based nanomedicines have emerged as promising theranostic agents for cancer due to their multifunctional properties, including the generation of bioactive small molecules such as metal ions, H <subscript>2</subscript> O <subscript>2</subscript> , O <subscript>2</subscript> , and OH <superscript>-</superscript> . Among these metal peroxides, calcium peroxide (CaO <subscript>2</subscript> ) nanomedicines have attracted significant attention due to their facile synthesis and good biocompatibility. CaO <subscript>2</subscript> nanoparticles have been explored for cancer treatment through three main mechanisms: (1) the release of O <subscript>2</subscript> , which helps alleviate tumor hypoxia and enhances oxygen-dependent therapies such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy; (2) the generation of H <subscript>2</subscript> O <subscript>2</subscript> , a precursor for ·OH generation, which enables cancer chemodynamic therapy; and (3) the release of Ca <superscript>2+</superscript> ions, which induce calcium overload and promote cell apoptosis (called ion-interference therapy). This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent examples of CaO <subscript>2</subscript> nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutic strategies, as well as discusses the challenges and future directions in the development of CaO <subscript>2</subscript> nanomedicines for cancer treatment.<br /> (© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.)