A density functional theory study on how γ-Al 2 O 3 - Boehmite transformation affects carbon evolution during aqueous-phase reaction.

Gamma-alumina (γ-Al ₂ O ₃ ), one of the most common materials, is commercially used in many catalytic applications, including the active catalyst and support. However, the problem of fast deactivation makes the utilization of the γ-Al ₂ O ₃ challenging. This work elucidates the mechanism of coke formation consisting of coke deposition and evolution on γ-Al ₂ O ₃ (110) surfaces in differential conditions, including; clean and hydroxylation γ-Al ₂ O ₃ (110) in terms of partial and fully hydroxylation of OH/γ-Al ₂ O ₃ (110) and AlOOH(010), respectively. We demonstrated that the γ-Al ₂ O ₃ (110) surface is proper for atomic coke deposition and dimerization in the initial state, where the presence of OH species promotes the coke evolution to higher coke, C _n (where n ≥ 3). Also, the higher coke formation thermodynamically preferred the cyclic form to the aliphatic one. The electron transfer from substrates to adsorbed coke illustrates the role of the electron donor of catalyst surfaces corresponding to the electron acceptor of adsorbed cokes.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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