The rs2601796 variant in ADCY9 gene is associated with severe asthma and less bronchodilator response.

Asthma is a respiratory disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The adenylyl cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) enzyme produces the cyclic-adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP), important mediator involved in bronchodilation and immunomodulatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate if rs2601796 and rs2532019 variants in the ADCY9 gene are associated with asthma and lung function. The study comprised 1,052 subjects. Logistic regressions were done using PLINK 1.9 adjusted by sex, age, BMI, smoke and principal components. Bronchodilator responsiveness was assessed using the percentage of difference in FEV1 before and after the bronchodilator use. The in silico analysis for gene expression was performed in the GTEx Portal. The variant rs2601796 (AA/AG genotype) was positively associated with asthma severity (OR: 1.60 IC95%: 1.08-2.39) and with obstruction in individuals with severe asthma (OR: 3.10, IC95%: 1.11-8.62). Individuals with severe asthma and the AA/AG genotype of rs2601796 had less responsiveness to bronchodilators and also a lower expression of ADCY9 in lung and whole blood. The variant rs2532019 (TT/GT genotype) also downregulated the ADCY9 gene expression, but no significant association with the studied phenotypes was found. Thus, the variant in ADCY9 was associated with worse asthma outcomes, including a lower response to bronchodilators, likely due to the impact on its gene expression rate. This variant may be useful in the future to assist in personalized management of patients with asthma.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Álvaro A. Cruz: Reports grants from: i. CNPq (Brazil) - National Research Council; ii. FAPESB - State agency for research in Bahia; iii. GSK, during the conduct of the study (Investigator initiated grant). Reports personal fees from: i. SANOFI (Advisor, lecturer and conduction of clinical trial); ii. AstraZeneca (Advisor, lecturer and conduction of clinical trial); iii. GSK (Advisor); iv. Boehringer-Ingelheim (Advisor, lecturer and developer of educational materials); v. Novartis (Lecturer and developer of educational materials); vi. Mantecorp (Advisor, lecturer and developer of educational materials); vii. EUROFARMA (Lecturer and developer of educational materials); viii. Mylan (Advisor, lecturer and developer of educational materials). The other authors declare that have no relevant conflicts of interest.
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