Effects of Film Thickness on the Residual Stress of Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering.

Vanadium dioxide (VO ₂ ) thin films of different thicknesses were prepared by regulating the deposition time (2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 h). The impact of deposition time on the microstructure, surface morphology, and cross-section morphology was investigated. The results showed that the grain size increased with the film thickness. Meanwhile, the influence of film thickness on the residual stress was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The phenomenon of "compressive-to-tensile stress transition" was illustrated as the thickness increased. The change of dominant mechanism for residual stress was used for explaining this situation. First, the composition of residual stress indicates that growth stress play a key role. Then, the effect of "atomic shot peening" can be used to explain the compressive stress. Lastly, the increased grain size, lower grain boundary density, and "tight effect" in the progress of film growth cause tensile stress.