Cardiac pacing and lead devices management: 25 years of research at EP Europace journal.

Aims: Cardiac pacing represents a key element in the field of electrophysiology and the treatment of conduction diseases. Since the first issue published in 1999, EP Europace has significantly contributed to the development and dissemination of the research in this area.
Methods: In the last 25 years, there has been a continuous improvement of technologies and a great expansion of clinical indications making the field of cardiac pacing a fertile ground for research still today. Pacemaker technology has rapidly evolved, from the first external devices with limited longevity, passing through conventional transvenous pacemakers to leadless devices. Constant innovations in pacemaker size, longevity, pacing mode, algorithms, and remote monitoring highlight that the fascinating and exciting journey of cardiac pacing is not over yet.
Conclusion: The aim of the present review is to provide the current 'state of the art' on cardiac pacing highlighting the most important contributions from the Journal in the field.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: P.D. research grants and honoraria from Boston Scientific, Abbott and Microport CRM. J.P. is supported by R01AG074185 from the National Institutes of Aging. He also receives grants for clinical research from Abbott, the American Heart Association, Bayer, Boston Scientific, iRhythm, and Philips and serves as a consultant to Abbott, Abbvie, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Element Science, Medtronic, Milestone, ElectroPhysiology Frontiers, Medtronic, Sanofi, Pacira, Philips, and Up-to-Date. M.E.C. is consultant for Medtronic and Boston Scientific and S.B. is consultant for Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Microport, and Zoll. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)