Pilot-scale investigation of conductive carbon cloth amendment for enhancing high-solids anaerobic digestion and mitigating antibiotic resistance.

This study examined the effectiveness of introducing conductive carbon cloth into a pilot-scale high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) system. Adding carbon cloth increased methane production by 22 % and improved the maximum methane production rate by 39 %. Microbial community characterization indicated a possible direct interspecies electron transfer-based syntrophic association among microbes. Using carbon cloth also enhanced microbial richness, diversity, and evenness. Carbon cloth effectively reduced the total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by 44.6 %, mainly by inhibiting horizontal gene transfer, as shown by the significant decrease in the relative abundance of integron genes (particularly intl1). The multivariate analysis further demonstrated strong correlations of intl1 with most of the targeted ARGs. These findings suggest that carbon cloth amendment can promote efficient methane production and attenuate the spread of ARGs in HSAD systems.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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