International orthopaedic trials.

Musculoskeletal diseases are having a growing impact worldwide. It is therefore crucial to have an evidence base to most effectively and efficiently implement future health services across different healthcare systems. International trials are an opportunity to address these challenges and have many potential benefits. They are, however, complex to set up and deliver, which may impact on the efficient and timely delivery of a project. There are a number of models of how international trials are currently being delivered across a range of orthopaedic patient populations, which are discussed here. The examples given highlight that the key to overcoming these challenges is the development of trusted and equal partnerships with collaborators in each country. International trials have the potential to address a global burden of disease, and in turn optimize the benefit to patients in the collaborating countries and those with similar health services and care systems.
Competing Interests: S. D. Brealey is employed on the ACTIVE trial, which is used as an example of an international trial in this publication, and also reports grants from the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme (reference number: 15/130/84), unrelated to this study.
(© 2023 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.)