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Two-Dimensional Crystal Transition from Radialene to Cumulene on Ag(111) via Retro-[2 + 1] Cycloaddition.
- Source :
-
Journal of the American Chemical Society [J Am Chem Soc] 2023 Jun 21; Vol. 145 (24), pp. 13048-13058. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 08. - Publication Year :
- 2023
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Abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) crystal-to-crystal transition is an important method in crystal engineering because of its ability to directly create diverse crystal materials from one crystal. However, steering a 2D single-layer crystal-to-crystal transition on surfaces with high chemo- and stereoselectivity under ultra-high vacuum conditions is a great challenge because the transition is a complex dynamic process. Here, we report a highly chemoselective 2D crystal transition from radialene to cumulene with retention of stereoselectivity on Ag(111) via retro-[2 + 1] cycloaddition of three-membered carbon rings and directly visualize the transition process involving a stepwise epitaxial growth mechanism by the combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy. Using progression annealing, we found that isocyanides on Ag(111) at a low annealing temperature underwent sequential [1 + 1 + 1] cycloaddition and enantioselective molecular recognition based on C-H···Cl hydrogen bonding interactions to form 2D triaza[3]radialene crystals. In contrast, a higher annealing temperature induced the transformation of triaza[3]radialenes to generate trans -diaza[3]cumulenes, which were further assembled into 2D cumulene-based crystals through twofold N-Ag-N coordination and C-H···Cl hydrogen bonding interactions. By combining the observed distinct transient intermediates and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the retro-[2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction proceeds via the ring opening of a three-membered carbon ring, sequential dechlorination/hydrogen passivation, and deisocyanation. Our findings provide new insights into the growth mechanism and dynamics of 2D crystals and have implications for controllable crystal engineering.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-5126
- Volume :
- 145
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37289993
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c00962