Nonsurgical management of major hemorrhage.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: Jeannie Callum has received research funding from Canadian Blood Services (produces and distributes blood components) and Octapharma (manufactures prothrombin complex concentrate and fibrinogen concentrates). She sits on the nominating committee with the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies, and on the data safety monitoring boards for the TRACE (Tranexamic Acid for Subdural Hematoma) trial, a University of Ottawa pilot study of tranexamic acid for hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia, and the FEISTY (fibrinogen replacement in trauma) trial. Alan Barkun has received reimbursement for consulting from AstraZeneca and Medtronic. Keyvan Karkouti has received research funding, consulting fees and honoraria from Octapharma, and consulting fees from Werfen (provides viscoelastic point of care testing). He sits on review boards with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation. No other competing interests were declared.