Factors associated with treatment delay and outcome in community acquired bacterial meningitis.

Background: Community acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is a condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment delay remains an area of concern and might be improved by awareness of meningitis among health care professionals.
Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients with CABM between 2016 and 2021 in Eastern Denmark with a population of 2,700,000. Data was extracted from electronic health records. Treatment delay and mortality was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Of 369 patients 226 (61%) had treatment delayed more than 2 hours. Old age (OR 2.42, CI 1.22;4.77), comorbidity (OR 1.30, CI 1.00;1.70), suspicion of other infections than meningitis (OR 65.93, CI 20.68;210.20), stroke (OR 7.24, CI 3.11;16.86) and other diagnoses (OR 13.00, CI 5.07;33.31) were associated with delayed treatment. Treatment delay was associated with increased 30-day mortality (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.09;8.67). Most of the treatment delay (82%) was due lack of suspicion of CABM.
Conclusions: Treatment delay is a common problem associated with 30-day mortality in CABM. Awareness of CABM in undiagnosed patients is vital to achieve timely initiation of appropriate treatment. Special care should be shown for patients suspected of stroke or other infections.
Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Nichlas Hovmand has nothing to disclose. Lene Fogt Lundbo has nothing to disclose. Gitte Kronborg has nothing to disclose. Perle Darsø has nothing to disclose. Thomas Benfield reports grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation, Lundbeck Foundation, Simonsen Foundation, GSK, Pfizer, Gilead, Kai Hansen Foundation and Erik and Susanna Olesen's Charitable Fund; personal fees from GSK, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, MSD, Pentabase ApS, Becton Dickinson, Janssen and Astra Zeneca; outside the submitted work.
(© 2023 The Authors.)