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An Unusual Cause of Femoral Nerve Paresis in a Horse: Disseminated B Cell Lymphoma With Plasmacytoid Differentiation and Direct Neuronal Invasion.
- Source :
-
Journal of equine veterinary science [J Equine Vet Sci] 2023 Jul; Vol. 126, pp. 104502. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 27. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- A 21-year-old Quarter Horse mare presented with a chronic, progressively worsening left pelvic limb lameness of 3 weeks duration. The initial examination identified a consistent lameness at a walk. Neurological examination showed sensory and gait abnormalities consistent with left femoral nerve dysfunction. The horse minimally advanced the leg cranially and had a shortened stride length at the walk. During the stance phase, the heels of the left hind foot did not contact the ground and the horse quickly took weight off of the limb. Diagnostic imaging (ultrasound and nuclear scintigraphy) examinations did not reveal a cause. Severe lymphocytosis was identified on complete blood cell count (69,600 cells /uL; reference range: 1,500-4,000 cells/uL), suggestive of lymphoma. Postmortem examination revealed focal swelling of the left femoral nerve. Multiple masses were found in the stomach, large colon, adrenal gland, mesentery, heart, and meninges. The entire left pelvic limb was dissected and did not reveal other causes of the gait deficit. Histologic evaluation of the left femoral nerve revealed disseminated intermediate cell size B cell lymphoma, with an immunophenotype suggestive of plasmacytoid differentiation. These lymphocytes infiltrated the femoral nerve at the location of the focal nerve swelling, in addition to other peripheral nerves. This case highlights a horse with an atypical diagnosis of femoral nerve paresis caused by direct neoplastic lymphocyte infiltration, deriving from disseminated B cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation (neurolymphomatosis). Though rare, disseminated lymphoma with direct nerve infiltration should be considered in horses with peripheral neuropathies.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Horses
Animals
Female
Femoral Nerve pathology
Lameness, Animal diagnosis
Lameness, Animal etiology
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases veterinary
Lymphoma, B-Cell complications
Lymphoma, B-Cell diagnosis
Lymphoma, B-Cell veterinary
Lymphoma pathology
Lymphoma veterinary
Horse Diseases diagnosis
Horse Diseases pathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0737-0806
- Volume :
- 126
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of equine veterinary science
- Publication Type :
- Report
- Accession number :
- 37120116
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104502