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Antibacterial Pickering emulsions stabilized by bifunctional hairy nanocellulose.
- Source :
-
Journal of colloid and interface science [J Colloid Interface Sci] 2023 Aug; Vol. 643, pp. 328-339. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 13. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Hypothesis: Pickering emulsions, defined as emulsions that are stabilized by colloidal particles, provide dispersion stability by preventing coalescence of the dispersed phase. In this study, we used a bifunctional hairy nanocellulose (BHNC) bearing both aldehyde and carboxylic acid groups as an stabilizer. We hypothesize that these particles as Pickering stabilizers can effectively reside at the oil-water interface, better than hairy nanocelluloses containing only carboxyl groups or aldehyde groups, and provide long-term stability without the need of any surfactants.<br />Experiments: Varying concentrations of BHNC were tested to explore the optimal concentration that provides emulsion stability. The effects of various preparation conditions such as salt and pH were also studied. Finally, carvacrol, an antibacterial essential oil, was loaded in the oil phase to develop antibacterial emulsions.<br />Findings: It was shown that a 1% BHNC suspension provides 90% and 80% stability for a duration of 30 and 60 days, respectively. A theoretical model using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry data is developed to prove that only a monolayer of BHNC covers oil droplets. Increasing the concentration of BHNC decreased the size of oil droplets, which as a result increases the surface area available for monolayer coverage. It was also shown that the antibacterial emulsions are highly effective against Gram-negative (i.e. E. coli) and Gram-positive (i.e. S. aureus) bacteria. Accordingly, BHNC as a highly functionalized bio-derived colloidal particle opens new opportunities for engineering highly stable Pickering emulsions.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Emulsions
Particle Size
Surface-Active Agents
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1095-7103
- Volume :
- 643
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of colloid and interface science
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37080040
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.033