Early Lead Extraction for Infected Implanted Cardiac Electronic Devices: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

Infection remains a serious complication associated with the cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), leading to substantial clinical and economic burden globally. This review assesses the burden of cardiac implantable electronic device infection (CIED-I), evidence for treatment recommendations, barriers to early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, and potential solutions. Multiple clinical practice guidelines recommended complete system and lead removal for CIED-I when appropriate. CIED extraction for infection has been consistently reported with high success, low complication, and very low mortality rates. Complete and early extraction was associated with significantly better clinical and economic outcome compared with no or late extraction. However, significant gaps in knowledge and poor recommendation compliance have been reported. Barriers to optimal management may include diagnostic delay, knowledge gaps, and limited access to expertise. A multipronged approach, including education of all stakeholders, a CIED-I alert system, and improving access to experts, could help bring paradigm shift in the treatment of this serious condition.
Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures This work was supported by Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation. Dr Lakkireddy is a consultant for Philips and Abbott; and has received honoraria from Abbott, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Biosense Webster. Dr Sood is an employee of Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation. Dr Wu is an employee of EVERSANA which has received funding from Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation. Dr Rao has received honoraria from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Philips for educational activity and consultancy. Dr Sohail is a consultant for Medtronic Inc, Philips, and Aziyo Biologics, Inc. Dr Pokorney receives modest consultant/advisory board support from Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Philips, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Zoll; and has received modest research support from the Food and Drug Administration, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Gilead, Philips, Sanofi, and Boston Scientific. Dr Blomström-Lundqvist is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Philips, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Cathprint. Dr Piccini is a consultant for Abbott, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and Philips; has received grants for clinical research from Abbott, American Heart Association, Boston Scientific, and Philips; and is supported by R01AG074185 from the National Institutes of Aging. Dr Granger has clinical research contracts from Boehringer Ingelheim, CeleCor, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Pfizer, Janssen, and Phillips; has received consulting/honoraria from AbbVie, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boston Scientific, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hengrui, Janssen, Pfizer, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, and Reata; and has equity from tenac.io. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)