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Cell death and barrier disruption by clinically used iodine concentrations.
- Source :
-
Life science alliance [Life Sci Alliance] 2023 Mar 21; Vol. 6 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 21 (Print Publication: 2023). - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) inactivates a broad range of pathogens. Despite its widespread use over decades, the safety of PVP-I remains controversial. Its extended use in the current SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic urges the need to clarify safety features of PVP-I on a cellular level. Our investigation in epithelial, mesothelial, endothelial, and innate immune cells revealed that the toxicity of PVP-I is caused by diatomic iodine (I <subscript>2</subscript> ), which is rapidly released from PVP-I to fuel organic halogenation with fast first-order kinetics. Eukaryotic toxicity manifests at below clinically used concentrations with a threshold of 0.1% PVP-I (wt/vol), equalling 1 mM of total available I <subscript>2</subscript> Above this threshold, membrane disruption, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and abolition of oxidative phosphorylation induce a rapid form of cell death we propose to term iodoptosis. Furthermore, PVP-I attacks lipid rafts, leading to the failure of tight junctions and thereby compromising the barrier functions of surface-lining cells. Thus, the therapeutic window of PVP-I is considerably narrower than commonly believed. Our findings urge the reappraisal of PVP-I in clinical practice to avert unwarranted toxicity whilst safeguarding its benefits.<br /> (© 2023 Steins et al.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2575-1077
- Volume :
- 6
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Life science alliance
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 36944419
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201875