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Health Risk Assessment in Children Occupationally and Para-Occupationally Exposed to Benzene Using a Reverse-Translation PBPK Model.
- Source :
-
International journal of environmental research and public health [Int J Environ Res Public Health] 2023 Jan 27; Vol. 20 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 27. - Publication Year :
- 2023
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Abstract
- Benzene is a known human carcinogen and one of the ten chemicals of major public health concern identified by the World Health Organization. Our objective was to evaluate benzene's carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks (current and projected) in highly exposed children in Yucatan, Mexico. Benzene exposure was estimated through a reverse-translation, four-compartment, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) based on previously performed urine trans, trans-muconic acid (benzene metabolite) determinations. Using a risk assessment methodology, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of benzene were estimated for 6-12-year-old children from a family of shoemakers. The children's hazard quotients for decreased lymphocyte count were 27 and 53 for 4 and 8 h/day exposure, respectively, and 37 for the projected 8 h/day exposure in adults. The risks of developing leukemia were 2-6 cases in 1000 children exposed 4 h/day; 4-10 cases in 1000 children exposed 8 h/day, and 2-9 cases in 1000 adults with an 8 h/day lifetime exposure. Children in Yucatan working in shoe-manufacturing workshops, or living next to them, are exposed to benzene concentrations above the reference concentration and have unacceptably high risks of presenting with non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hematologic symptoms, now and in the future. Interventions to prevent further exposure and mitigate health risks are necessary.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1660-4601
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of environmental research and public health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 36767642
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032275