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Dietary intake of total, heme and non-heme iron and the risk of colorectal cancer in a European prospective cohort study.
- Source :
-
British journal of cancer [Br J Cancer] 2023 Apr; Vol. 128 (8), pp. 1529-1540. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 09. - Publication Year :
- 2023
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Abstract
- Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inconclusive.<br />Methods: We examined baseline dietary questionnaire-assessed intakes of total, heme, and non-heme iron and CRC risk in the EPIC cohort. Sex-specific multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox regression. We modelled substitution of a 1 mg/day of heme iron intake with non-heme iron using the leave one-out method.<br />Results: Of 450,105 participants (318,680 women) followed for 14.2 ± 4.0 years, 6162 (3511 women) developed CRC. In men, total iron intake was not associated with CRC risk (highest vs. lowest quintile, HR <subscript>Q5vs.Q1</subscript> :0.88; 95%CI:0.73, 1.06). An inverse association was observed for non-heme iron (HR <subscript>Q5vs.Q1</subscript> :0.80, 95%CI:0.67, 0.96) whereas heme iron showed a non-significant association (HR <subscript>Q5vs.Q1</subscript> :1.10; 95%CI:0.96, 1.27). In women, CRC risk was not associated with intakes of total (HR <subscript>Q5vs.Q1</subscript> :1.11, 95%CI:0.94, 1.31), heme (HR <subscript>Q5vs.Q1</subscript> :0.95; 95%CI:0.84, 1.07) or non-heme iron (HR <subscript>Q5vs.Q1</subscript> :1.03, 95%CI:0.88, 1.20). Substitution of heme with non-heme iron demonstrated lower CRC risk in men (HR:0.94; 95%CI: 0.89, 0.99).<br />Conclusions: Our findings suggest potential sex-specific CRC risk associations for higher iron consumption that may differ by dietary sources.<br /> (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1532-1827
- Volume :
- 128
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- British journal of cancer
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 36759722
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-023-02164-7