Clinical relevance of macroglossia to disease progression in ventilation dependent patients with advanced ALS.

Background: Macroglossia is one of the clinical signs that emerges in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who are undergoing invasive ventilation.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the progression of macroglossia and the clinical characteristics during the advanced stages of ALS.
Methods: Forty-one patients with ALS using invasive ventilation with tracheostomy were prospectively followed over a 3-year period. We evaluated the prevalence of macroglossia, motor disabilities including oral function, communication ability (communication stage I to V) as a marker of disease progression, and nutritional factors. We analyzed the potential factors affecting the progression of macroglossia using a multivariate logistic analysis.
Results: The number of patients with macroglossia was increased during the follow-up (from 24.4 to 53.7%), while the communication stage progressed from 2.6 in average (SD 1.7) to 3.5 (1.4). During the study, body weight increased, while energy intake decreased, suggesting progressive hypometabolism. Eight patients had newly developed macroglossia during the study and showed greater progression of communication impairment than those without macroglossia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that communication impairment was a factor associated with macroglossia.
Conclusion: Macroglossia in advanced ALS with invasive ventilation is associated with disease progression.
(© 2023. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia.)