Photoelectrochemical immunosensor for HER2 detection based on BiVO 4 -Bi 2 S 3 heterojunction as photoactive material and CdS as signal probe.

A sandwiched photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was developed for sensitive detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) based on BiVO ₄ -Bi ₂ S ₃ heterojunction as the photoelectric material accompanied with magnetic nanoparticles for enrichment of HER2 and CdS for signal amplification. The in situ generation of Bi ₂ S ₃ on the surface of BiVO ₄ forming a BiVO ₄ -Bi ₂ S ₃ heterojunction is more conducive to the transit of electron-hole pairs. Antibody-modified MNs are utilized to capture and separate HER2 from samples. After forming a sandwich immune structure, under illumination, the photocurrent shows an increasing trend with the increment of HER2 concentration. The PEC immunosensor displays a good linear concentration range between 1.00 and 1.00 × 10 ³  pg·mL ^-1 and a low limit of detection down to 0.680 pg·mL ^-1 (S/N = 3) for HER2 under a bias voltage of 0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl electrode). Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied to detect HER2 in serum samples with recoveries that ranged between 96.1 and 114% with RSDs between 1.3 and 5.9%.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)