Prx4 acts as DAMP in shrimp, enhancing bacterial resistance via the toll pathway and prophenoloxidase activation.

Peroxiredoxin (Prx), an antioxidant enzyme family, has been identified as immune modulating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in mammals but not in shrimp. Acute non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) that enhances shrimp Penaeus vannamei resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VP _AHPND ). Among the five P. vannamei Prxs ( Lv Prx) isoforms, Lv Prx4, the most abundant in unchallenged shrimp hemocytes that was upregulated in hemocytes following NLHS treatment, is of great interest. The escalation of the Lv Prx4 monomer in hemolymph of NLHS treated shrimp indicates that it probably acts as DAMP. This study revealed that pre-challenge with r Lv Prx4 could prolong VP _AHPND -infected shrimp survival, increase prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity and promote Toll pathway-related genes expression mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1 and 2. The presented findings elucidated the molecular mechanism of Lv Prx4 monomer as DAMP in NLHS-induced VP _AHPND resistance by inducing the TLR1/2 signaling pathway and the proPO activating system.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2022 The Authors.)