Evaluating Spatial Identity Based on Climate Adaptation in Small Cities.

Urban spatial identity is declining in Chinese cities overall due to urbanization, which is attracting increasing attention from the government. Research gaps include systematically comparing urban identities based on causes and manifestations in small cities. We developed a framework for estimating spatial identity from the perspective of climate adaptation, which is based on the relationship between regional climate and spatial form. Five small cities were selected in China: Wu'an, Qingcheng, Jintang, Changxing, and Lianjiang. Our findings suggest that (1) typical indicators include impervious surface rate, green coverage rate, water surface rate, average story number, and total gross floor area, contributing to morphological characteristics influenced by climate drivers; (2) for the hot humid climate zones, the city with the highest level of spatial identity is in Jintang, followed by Lianjiang and Changxing; and for the cold climate zones, the level of spatial identity in Qingcheng was higher than in Wu'an. This can contribute to the understanding and methodology of spatial identity based on climate adaptation in small cities.