Association Between Energy and Macronutrient Intakes and Weight Change After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence on the associations of energy and macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) with weight loss in adults after sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass and to determine whether these dietary characteristics of patients with suboptimal weight loss (SWL) or weight regain differ from those without these experiences.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until December 2021. Twenty-three observational studies were included.
Results: Studies on the association of postoperative energy and macronutrients and weight loss used diverse approaches. Pooled results showed that patients with SWL consumed more energy than those with acceptable weight loss. Weight regainers consumed more energy and carbohydrates and less protein than non-regainers.
Conclusions: Higher energy consumption is related to SWL and weight regain after surgery. Associations between macronutrients and weight outcome following bariatric surgery warrant further investigation.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)