Methotrexate for recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A randomized, controlled, phase 2 clinical trial.

Objective: This randomized, controlled, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose methotrexate as maintenance therapy for recurrent postoperative chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs).
Methods: Forty-one patients with CRSwNPs who experienced postoperative polyp recurrence(s) were randomly divided into three groups to receive one of the following treatments for 8 weeks: daily intranasal mometasone furoate monohydrate 200 mcg (control [intranasal corticosteroids (INCS)] arm, n = 13]); daily per oral methylprednisolone 8 mg (oral corticosteroids [OCS] arm, n = 14); and once weekly per oral 10 mg methotrexate (MTX arm, n = 14). All patients were assessed at three clinical visits according to the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic grading system (LKES), visual analog scale (VAS), Turkish version of the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), butanol olfactory threshold test (BuOT), serum total IgE level, presence of peripheral eosinophilia, serum biochemical assays, and adverse events.
Results: All efficacy outcome measures significantly improved in all three groups, except for the nonrecovery of peripheral eosinophilia in the INCS group. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of LKES scores. Scores for the Turkish version of the SNOT-22, PNIF, BuOT, and serum IgE levels were also similar among the groups. However, total VAS scores recovered significantly better in the INCS group than in the MTX group. Serum biochemical assays remained normal in all groups. Adverse events were minor and observed only in the OCS group.
Conclusion: Low-dose MTX was a safe and effective maintenance therapy for patients with recurrent postoperative CRSwNPs.
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