Back to Search Start Over

Clinical and MRI measures to identify non-acute MOG-antibody disease in adults.

Authors :
Cortese R
Battaglini M
Prados F
Bianchi A
Haider L
Jacob A
Palace J
Messina S
Paul F
Wuerfel J
Marignier R
Durand-Dubief F
de Medeiros Rimkus C
Callegaro D
Sato DK
Filippi M
Rocca MA
Cacciaguerra L
Rovira A
Sastre-Garriga J
Arrambide G
Liu Y
Duan Y
Gasperini C
Tortorella C
Ruggieri S
Amato MP
Ulivelli M
Groppa S
Grothe M
Llufriu S
Sepulveda M
Lukas C
Bellenberg B
Schneider R
Sowa P
Celius EG
Proebstel AK
Yaldizli Ö
Müller J
Stankoff B
Bodini B
Carmisciano L
Sormani MP
Barkhof F
De Stefano N
Ciccarelli O
Source :
Brain : a journal of neurology [Brain] 2023 Jun 01; Vol. 146 (6), pp. 2489-2501.
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

MRI and clinical features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease may overlap with those of other inflammatory demyelinating conditions posing diagnostic challenges, especially in non-acute phases and when serologic testing for MOG antibodies is unavailable or shows uncertain results. We aimed to identify MRI and clinical markers that differentiate non-acute MOG-antibody disease from aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, guiding in the identification of patients with MOG-antibody disease in clinical practice. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, data from 16 MAGNIMS centres were included. Data collection and analyses were conducted from 2019 to 2021. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of MOG-antibody disease; AQP4-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis; brain and cord MRI at least 6 months from relapse; and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score on the day of MRI. Brain white matter T2 lesions, T1-hypointense lesions, cortical and cord lesions were identified. Random forest models were constructed to classify patients as MOG-antibody disease/AQP4-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder/multiple sclerosis; a leave one out cross-validation procedure assessed the performance of the models. Based on the best discriminators between diseases, we proposed a guide to target investigations for MOG-antibody disease. One hundred and sixty-two patients with MOG-antibody disease [99 females, mean age: 41 (±14) years, median EDSS: 2 (0-7.5)], 162 with AQP4-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder [132 females, mean age: 51 (±14) years, median EDSS: 3.5 (0-8)], 189 with multiple sclerosis (132 females, mean age: 40 (±10) years, median EDSS: 2 (0-8)] and 152 healthy controls (91 females) were studied. In young patients (<34 years), with low disability (EDSS < 3), the absence of Dawson's fingers, temporal lobe lesions and longitudinally extensive lesions in the cervical cord pointed towards a diagnosis of MOG-antibody disease instead of the other two diseases (accuracy: 76%, sensitivity: 81%, specificity: 84%, P < 0.001). In these non-acute patients, the number of brain lesions < 6 predicted MOG-antibody disease versus multiple sclerosis (accuracy: 83%, sensitivity: 82%, specificity: 83%, P < 0.001). An EDSS < 3 and the absence of longitudinally extensive lesions in the cervical cord predicted MOG-antibody disease versus AQP4-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (accuracy: 76%, sensitivity: 89%, specificity: 62%, P < 0.001). A workflow with sequential tests and supporting features is proposed to guide better identification of patients with MOG-antibody disease. Adult patients with non-acute MOG-antibody disease showed distinctive clinical and MRI features when compared to AQP4-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis. A careful inspection of the morphology of brain and cord lesions together with clinical information can guide further analyses towards the diagnosis of MOG-antibody disease in clinical practice.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1460-2156
Volume :
146
Issue :
6
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Brain : a journal of neurology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
36515653
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac480