Introduction of a high dependency unit at a large paediatric and adolescent medicine department.

Background: A goal has been set to establish paediatric high dependency units (PHDUs) in Norwegian hospitals. We sought to describe the patient population in one such unit, and to investigate whether the need for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) changed after the unit was established.
Material and Method: Information was obtained from electronic patient records, patient administration systems and the quality register for the PHDU at the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine at Haukeland University Hospital. All patients admitted to the PHDU within five years of its opening in 2017 were included. A comparison was made between ICU patients in the five years before and the five years after the establishment of the PHDU.
Results: The PHDU had a total of 851 patient admissions in the period 2017-2021, increasing from 125 in 2017 to 247 in 2021. This accounted for 3.5 % and 7.6 % of the total number of patients admitted to the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in these years, respectively. The ICU had 185 paediatric patient admissions in the period 2012-2016 and 187 in the period 2017-2021, which constituted 0.9 % and 1.1 % of all patients admitted to the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine during the periods, respectively. After the start-up of the PHDU, a lower proportion of patients were admitted to the ICU in the diagnostic groups diabetic ketoacidosis (15 % in 2017-2021 versus 20 % in 2012-2016) and sepsis (12 % in 2017-2021 versus 19 % in 2012-2016).
Interpretation: The introduction of a PHDU was not associated with a simultaneous reduction in the number of ICU admissions overall. For diabetic ketoacidosis and sepsis, however, the proportion of transfers to the ICU was reduced.