Coefficient of R-R interval variations under deep breathing load in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: A case-control study.

Background and Aims: An autonomic nervous disorder is an important characteristic of cardiac amyloidosis; however, the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR _wt ) has not been established. Analysis of the R-R interval coefficient of variation (CVR-R) is a noninvasive method to measure parasympathetic activity. We aimed to assess autonomic dysfunction of ATTR _wt and determine the utility of CVR-R for the detection of ATTR _wt in other cardiac diseases.
Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, case-control study. Fifty patients with heart failure (HF) were studied. The etiologies of HF were as follows: ATTR _wt , n  = 10; previous myocardial infarction (MI), n  = 20; and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to other disease processes (e.g., aortic stenosis), n  = 20. We measured the CVR-R at rest (CVR-R _rest ), CVR-R with deep breaths (CVR-R _breath ), and the change rate (CVR-R _{diff rate)} . The relative change formula is as follows: CVR-R _{diff rate}  = (CVR-R _breath  - CVR-R _rest )/CVR-R _rest ×  100 (%).
Results: There was no difference in the CVR-R _rest levels among the three groups. The CVR-R _{diff rate} levels in the ATTR _wt group were significantly lower (ATTR _wt : -8.77 [-43.8 to 10.9]; LVH: 67.4 [38.7 to 89.4]; MI: 83.7 [60.4 to 142.9]). Based on the receiver operative characteristic curve analysis to identify ATTR _wt in HF, the best cut-off value for the CVR-R _{diff rate} was 19.7 (area under the curve: 0.848).
Conclusion: Our data suggested autonomic dysfunction in patients with ATTR _wt . Measurement of the CVR-R in HF patients may be a convenient support tool for the detection of ATTR _wt .
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
(© 2022 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)