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Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine.

Authors :: Beetler DJ
Di Florio DN
Bruno KA
Ikezu T
March KL
Cooper LT Jr
Wolfram J
Fairweather D
Source :: Molecular aspects of medicine [Mol Aspects Med] 2023 Jun; Vol. 91, pp. 101155. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 28.
Publication Year :: 2023
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. The work has been performed with partial support from National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant TL1 TR002380 (to DJB, DND), U54 TR002377 (to DJB, DND, DF), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) grants R21 AI145356, R21 AI154927 (to DF), R21 AI152318 (to JW and DF), and R21 AI163302 (to KAB), National Institute on Aging (NIA) grants R01 AG072719, R01 AG054199, R01 AG067763, R01 AG066429, R01 AG054672 (to TI), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant R01 HL164520 (to DF), American Heart Association grant 20TPA35490415 (to DF), a Mayo Clinic Team Science Award (to DF), the Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine in Florida (to JW and DF), the University of Queensland grant (to JW), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals Ion-ARPA Operation Payload Delivery grant (to JW). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)