Risk factors for cerebral complications in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare pulmonary disease. Although most patients with PAVMs are asymptomatic, cerebral complications associated with PAVMs are often fatal. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for cerebral complications in patients with PAVMs.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients with PAVMs between 2003 and 2021 at two tertiary referral hospitals and one secondary hospital.
Results: Fifty-five patients diagnosed with PAVMs were enrolled in this study. Most patients were female (89.1%), and the median age was 53 years. Thirty patients (54.5%) had incidentally detected PAVMs without symptoms. Twenty-four patients (43.7%) with PAVMs were treated with embolotherapy or surgery. Thirteen patients (23.6%) had cerebral complications. There was no significant difference in the development of cerebral complications according to treatment; however, older age (≥ 65 years) was associated with the development of new cerebral complications in untreated patients with PAVMs (odds ratio, 17.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-250.31; P = 0.038).
Conclusion: Older age (≥ 65 years) was a risk factor for the development of cerebral complications in patients with PAVMs; therefore, treatment should be considered in older patients with PAVMs.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2022 Na et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)