Back to Search
Start Over
Modifiable contributing factors to COVID-19: A comprehensive review.
Modifiable contributing factors to COVID-19: A comprehensive review.
- Source :
-
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association [Food Chem Toxicol] 2023 Jan; Vol. 171, pp. 113511. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 28. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from an individual's dysfunctional immune response following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. The current study identifies eighty immune system dysfunction-enabling toxic stressors and behaviors (hereafter called modifiable contributing factors (CFs)) that also link directly to COVID-19. Each CF is assigned to one of the five categories in the CF taxonomy shown in Section 3.3.: Lifestyle (e.g., diet, substance abuse); Iatrogenic (e.g., drugs, surgery); Biotoxins (e.g., micro-organisms, mycotoxins); Occupational/Environmental (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides); Psychosocial/Socioeconomic (e.g., chronic stress, lower education). The current study shows how each modifiable factor contributes to decreased immune system capability, increased inflammation and coagulation, and increased neural damage and neurodegeneration. It is unclear how real progress can be made in combatting COVID-19 and other similar diseases caused by viral variants without addressing and eliminating these modifiable CFs.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Inflammation
Immune System
COVID-19
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-6351
- Volume :
- 171
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 36450305
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113511