Endothelial injury and inflammation in patients with hyperuricemic nephropathy at chronic kidney disease stages 1-2 and 3-4.

Background: Endothelial injury and inflammation are the main pathological changes in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN); however, they have not been assessed in patients in the early, middle, and late phases of HN.
Aim: To investigate endothelial injury and inflammatory conditions between patients with HN at chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4 and CKD 1-2.
Methods: This study enrolled 80 patients (49 and 31 with HN at CKD stage 1-2 and 3-4, respectively) from the Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2021 and January 2022. Plasma levels of heparan sulfate, endocan, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and urine levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay.
Results: Comparison between patients with HN at CKD 1-2 and those with HN at CKD 3-4 showed that age and disease course were significant factors ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.010, respectively). There were no statistical differences in sex, heart rate, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The incidence of hypertension was also significant ( P = 0.03). Plasma levels of heparin sulfate ( P < 0.001), endocan ( P = 0.034), E-selectin ( P < 0.001), slCAM1 ( P < 0.001), IL-1β ( P = 0.006), and IL-6 ( P = 0.004) and the urine levels of L-PGDS ( P < 0.001), IL-1β ( P = 0.003), and IL-6 ( P < 0.001) were high in patients with HN at CKD 3-4 than in those with HN at CKD 1-2. The difference in plasma Ox-LDL levels was not significant ( P = 0.078).
Conclusion: Vascular endothelial injury and inflammation were higher in patients with HN at CKD3-4 than at CKD 1-2. Plasma heparin sulfate and slCAM1 levels are synergistic factors for CKD staging in HN.
Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
(©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)