In vivo T 1 mapping of neonatal brain tissue at 64 mT.

Purpose: Ultralow-field (ULF) point-of-care MRI systems allow image acquisition without interrupting medical provision, with neonatal clinical care being an important potential application. The ability to measure neonatal brain tissue T ₁ is a key enabling technology for subsequent structural image contrast optimization, as well as being a potential biomarker for brain development. Here we describe an optimized strategy for neonatal T ₁ mapping at ULF.
Methods: Examinations were performed on a 64-mT portable MRI system. A phantom validation experiment was performed, and a total of 33 in vivo exams were acquired from 28 neonates with postmenstrual age ranging from 31 ⁺⁴ to 49 ⁺⁰  weeks. Multiple inversion-recovery turbo spin-echo sequences were acquired with differing inversion and repetition times. An analysis pipeline incorporating inter-sequence motion correction generated proton density and T ₁ maps. Regions of interest were placed in the cerebral deep gray matter, frontal white matter, and cerebellum. Weighted linear regression was used to predict T ₁ as a function of postmenstrual age.
Results: Reduction of T ₁ with postmenstrual age is observed in all measured brain tissue; the change in T ₁ per week and 95% confidence intervals is given by dT ₁  = -21 ms/week [-25, -16] (cerebellum), dT ₁  = -14 ms/week [-18, -10] (deep gray matter), and dT ₁  = -35 ms/week [-45, -25] (white matter).
Conclusion: Neonatal T ₁ values at ULF are shorter than those previously described at standard clinical field strengths, but longer than those of adults at ULF. T ₁ reduces with postmenstrual age and is therefore a candidate biomarker for perinatal brain development.
(© 2022 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)