Stack-dependent ion diffusion behavior in two-dimensional bilayer C 3 B.

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) C-based materials have been intensively studied due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Meanwhile, extensive research has revealed that the electrical properties of layered materials can be tuned by changing the stacking pattern. However, the tuning of ion diffusion properties through stacking remains to be explored. In this work, bilayer C ₃ B with different stackings as a lithium-ion battery anode material is systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that bilayer C ₃ B has better electronic properties (with a band gap of 0.44 eV to 0.54 eV) and enhanced bonding strength of Li (-2.82 to -3.27 eV) compared to monolayer C ₃ B. Moreover, the intralayer migration barrier of Li can be regulated by stacking. Interestingly, the AB stacked configuration has the lowest migration barrier of 0.100 eV, which is significantly lower than those of other stacking configurations and monolayer C ₃ B. Further studies revealed that the formation of fast ion diffusion channels in the AB stacked configuration is due to the combined effect of layer distance and in-plane charge transfer. These results offer a new strategy for the regulation of ion diffusion properties in 2D van der Waals materials.