Adherence to antidiabetic treatment among patients managed in primary care centres in Spain: the INTENSE study.

Aims: To determine the degree and factors related to non-insulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) adherence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) treated in primary carecentres in Spain.
Methods: We did a cross-sectional study. During the study visit, variables related todifferent clinical characteristics, Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale Spanishversion (ARMS-e) and usage of NIAD were collected. We estimated the adherence toNIADs using the proportion of days covered (PDC) equation.
Results: In total, 515 participants were included in the study. The mean PDC ratio was70.6 ( ± 28.9), and 50.5% (260) were classified as good adherent (PDC ≥80). Good adherence was highest among users of metformin (67.3%) and lowest among the participants using thiazolidinedione (0.8%). The score for ARMS-e was higher in the poor adherence group. In the multivariable analysis, HbA1c and the use of GLP1-RA or SGLT-2i were negatively associated with good adherence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.82, OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.46; OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.89, respectively).
Conclusions: Adherence to NIADs observed in our study is far from optimal. HbA1c and ARMS-e items could be used as adherence indicators to encourage treatment changes to improve T2DM control.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: M.M-C has received advisory and or speaking fees from Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; he has received research grants to the institution from Astra- Zeneca, GSK, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. J.F-N has received advisory and or speaking fees from Astra-Zeneca, Ascensia, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; he has received research grants to the institution from Astra-Zeneca, GSK, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Boehringer. D.A. and X.C. are full-time employees of Almirall, S.A. F.L-S has received advisory and or speaking fees from Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. B.V., S.M. and J.E. declare no conflict of interest.
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