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Advancements in drug delivery methods for the treatment of brain disease.

Authors :: Partridge B
Eardley A
Morales BE
Campelo SN
Lorenzo MF
Mehta JN
Kani Y
Mora JKG
Campbell EY
Arena CB
Platt S
Mintz A
Shinn RL
Rylander CG
Debinski W
Davalos RV
Rossmeisl JH
Source :: Frontiers in veterinary science [Front Vet Sci] 2022 Oct 18; Vol. 9, pp. 1039745. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 18 (Print Publication: 2022).
Publication Year :: 2022
Abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a formidable obstacle to the effective delivery of systemically administered pharmacological agents to the brain, with ~5% of candidate drugs capable of effectively penetrating the BBB. A variety of biomaterials and therapeutic delivery devices have recently been developed that facilitate drug delivery to the brain. These technologies have addressed many of the limitations imposed by the BBB by: (1) designing or modifying the physiochemical properties of therapeutic compounds to allow for transport across the BBB; (2) bypassing the BBB by administration of drugs via alternative routes; and (3) transiently disrupting the BBB (BBBD) using biophysical therapies. Here we specifically review colloidal drug carrier delivery systems, intranasal, intrathecal, and direct interstitial drug delivery methods, focused ultrasound BBBD, and pulsed electrical field induced BBBD, as well as the key features of BBB structure and function that are the mechanistic targets of these approaches. Each of these drug delivery technologies are illustrated in the context of their potential clinical applications and limitations in companion animals with naturally occurring intracranial diseases.<br />Competing Interests: Authors ML, CA, RD, and JR have issued patents and/or patents pending in the area of irreversible electroporation induced blood-brain barrier disruption and may receive royalties. CR and JR have issued patents for convection enhanced delivery catheter systems and may receive royalties. AM has issued and pending patents in focused ultrasound blood-barrier disruption and may receive royalties. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Partridge, Eardley, Morales, Campelo, Lorenzo, Mehta, Kani, Mora, Campbell, Arena, Platt, Mintz, Shinn, Rylander, Debinski, Davalos and Rossmeisl.)