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Implications of Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase and gingipain R in human health and diseases.

Authors :
Chow YC
Yam HC
Gunasekaran B
Lai WY
Wo WY
Agarwal T
Ong YY
Cheong SL
Tan SA
Source :
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2022 Sep 29; Vol. 12, pp. 987683. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 29 (Print Publication: 2022).
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogenic bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Citrullination has been reported as the underlying mechanism of the pathogenesis, which relies on the interplay between two virulence factors of the bacterium, namely gingipain R and the bacterial peptidyl arginine deiminase. Gingipain R cleaves host proteins to expose the C-terminal arginines for peptidyl arginine deiminase to citrullinate and generate citrullinated proteins. Apart from carrying out citrullination in the periodontium, the bacterium is found capable of citrullinating proteins present in the host synovial tissues, atherosclerotic plaques and neurons. Studies have suggested that both virulence factors are the key factors that trigger distal effects mediated by citrullination, leading to the development of some non-communicable diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, inhibition of these virulence factors not only can mitigate periodontitis, but also can provide new therapeutic solutions for systematic diseases involving bacterial citrullination. Herein, we described both these proteins in terms of their unique structural conformations and biological relevance to different human diseases. Moreover, investigations of inhibitory actions on the enzymes are also enumerated. New approaches for identifying inhibitors for peptidyl arginine deiminase through drug repurposing and virtual screening are also discussed.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Chow, Yam, Gunasekaran, Lai, Wo, Agarwal, Ong, Cheong and Tan.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2235-2988
Volume :
12
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
36250046
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.987683