Expression of the phagocytic receptors α M β 2 and α X β 2 is controlled by RIAM, VASP and Vinculin in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells.

Activation of the integrin phagocytic receptors CR3 (α _M β ₂ , CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (α _X β ₂ , CD11c/CD18) requires Rap1 activation and RIAM function. RIAM controls integrin activation by recruiting Talin to β ₂ subunits, enabling the Talin-Vinculin interaction, which in term bridges integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton. RIAM also recruits VASP to phagocytic cups and facilitates VASP phosphorylation and function promoting particle internalization. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout approach, we have analyzed the requirement for RIAM, VASP and Vinculin expression in neutrophilic-HL-60 cells. All knockout cells displayed abolished phagocytosis that was accompanied by a significant and specific reduction in ITGAM (α _M ), ITGAX (α _X ) and ITGB2 (β ₂ ) mRNA, as revealed by RT-qPCR. RIAM, VASP and Vinculin KOs presented reduced cellular F-actin content that correlated with αM expression, as treatment with the actin filament polymerizing and stabilizing drug jasplakinolide, partially restored α _M expression. In general, the expression of α _X was less responsive to jasplakinolide treatment than α _M , indicating that regulatory mechanisms independent of F-actin content may be involved. The Serum Response Factor (SRF) was investigated as the potential transcription factor controlling α _M β ₂ expression, since its coactivator MRTF-A requires actin polymerization to induce transcription. Immunofluorescent MRTF-A localization in parental cells was primarily nuclear, while in knockouts it exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Localization of FHL-2 (SRF corepressor) was mainly sub-membranous in parental HL-60 cells, but in knockouts the localization was disperse in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, suggesting RIAM, VASP and Vinculin are required to maintain FHL-2 close to cytoplasmic membranes, reducing its nuclear localization and inhibiting its corepressor activity. Finally, reexpression of VASP in the VASP knockout resulted in a complete reversion of the phenotype, as knock-ins restored α _M expression. Taken together, our results suggest that RIAM, VASP and Vinculin, are necessary for the correct expression of α _M β ₂ and α _X β ₂ during neutrophilic differentiation in the human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, and strongly point to an involvement of these proteins in the acquisition of a phagocytic phenotype.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 Torres-Gomez, Fiyouzi, Guerra-Espinosa, Cardeñes, Clares, Toribio, Reche, Cabañas and Lafuente.)