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Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in hypertension.
- Source :
-
Biochemical pharmacology [Biochem Pharmacol] 2022 Nov; Vol. 205, pp. 115263. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 26. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling, plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of essential hypertension. Although the mechanistic pathways by which essential hypertension develops are poorly understood, several pharmacological classes available on the clinical settings improve blood pressure by interfering in the cardiac output and/or vascular function. This review is divided in two major sections. The first section depicts the major molecular pathways as renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin, nitric oxide signalling pathway and oxidative stress in the development of vascular dysfunction. The second section describes the role of some pharmacological classes such as i) RAAS inhibitors, ii) dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, iii) endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, iv) soluble guanylate cyclase modulators, v) phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vi) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the context of hypertension. Some classes are already approved in the treatment of hypertension, but others are not yet approved. However, due to their potential benefits these classes were included.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular metabolism
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase metabolism
Neprilysin metabolism
Nitric Oxide metabolism
Essential Hypertension drug therapy
Essential Hypertension metabolism
Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors therapeutic use
Receptor, Endothelin A metabolism
Renin-Angiotensin System
Endothelins metabolism
Endothelins pharmacology
Endothelins therapeutic use
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists pharmacology
Receptors, Angiotensin metabolism
Receptors, Angiotensin therapeutic use
Glucose metabolism
Sodium metabolism
Sodium pharmacology
Sodium therapeutic use
Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology
Hypertension metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-2968
- Volume :
- 205
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biochemical pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 36174768
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115263