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COVID-19 Long-Term Effects: Is There an Impact on the Simple Reaction Time and Alternative-Forced Choice on Recovered Patients?

Authors :
Santoyo-Mora M
Villaseñor-Mora C
Cardona-Torres LM
Martínez-Nolasco JJ
Barranco-Gutiérrez AI
Padilla-Medina JA
Bravo-Sánchez MG
Source :
Brain sciences [Brain Sci] 2022 Sep 16; Vol. 12 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 16.
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

A comparative single-evaluation cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate cognitive damage in post-COVID-19 patients. The psychophysics tests of Two-Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) and Simple Reaction Time (SRT), under a designed virtual environment, were used to evaluate the cognitive processes of decision-making, visual attention, and information processing speed. The population under study consisted of 147 individuals, 38 controls, and 109 post-COVID patients. During the 2AFC test, an Emotiv EPOC+® headset was used to obtain EEG signals to evaluate their Focus, Interest, and Engagement metrics. Results indicate that compared to healthy patients or recovered patients from mild-moderate COVID-19 infection, patients who recovered from a severe-critical COVID infection showed a poor performance in different cognitive tests: decision-making tasks required higher visual sensitivity (p = 0.002), Focus (p = 0.01) and information processing speed (p < 0.001). These results signal that the damage caused by the coronavirus on the central nervous and visual systems significantly reduces the cognitive processes capabilities, resulting in a prevalent deficit of 42.42% in information processing speed for mild-moderate cases, 46.15% for decision-making based on visual sensitivity, and 62.16% in information processing speed for severe-critical cases. A psychological follow-up for patients recovering from COVID-19 is recommended based on our findings.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2076-3425
Volume :
12
Issue :
9
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Brain sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
36138994
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091258