Dose-dependent relationship of blood pressure and glycaemic status with risk of aortic dissection and aneurysm.

Aims: Data on the dose-dependent association of blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level with the risk of aortic dissection (AD) and aortic aneurysm (AA) are limited.
Methods and Results: This observational cohort study included 3 358 293 individuals registered in a health checkup and claims database in Japan [median age, 43 (36-51) years; 57.2% men]. Individuals using BP- or glucose-lowering medications or those with a history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. In a mean follow-up period of 1 199 ± 950 days, 1 095 and 2 177 cases of AD and AA, respectively, were recorded. Compared with normal/elevated BP, hazard ratios (HRs) of Stage 1 and Stage 2 hypertension were 1.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60-2.22] and 5.87 (95% CI: 5.03-6.84) for AD and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.23-1.52) and 2.17 (95% CI: 1.95-2.42) for AA, respectively. Compared with normal FPG level, HRs of prediabetes and diabetes were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.94) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33-0.71) for AD and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85-1.03) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.47-0.79) for AA, respectively. The cubic spline demonstrated that the risk of AD and AA increased with increasing BP but decreased with increasing FPG level. Contour plots using generalized additive models showed that higher systolic BP and lower FPG level were associated with an elevated risk of AD and AA.
Conclusions: Our analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in the risk of AD or AA associated with BP and a similar decrease associated with FPG, and also suggested a potential interaction between hypertension and hyperglycaemia in the development of AD and AA.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: Research funding and scholarship funds (Hidehiro Kaneko and Katsuhito Fujiu) from Medtronic Japan; Biotronik Japan; SIMPLEX QUANTUM; Boston Scientific Japan; and Fukuda Denshi, Central Tokyo. Akira Okada is a member of the Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-related Diseases, which is a co-operative programme between The University of Tokyo and Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose. The funding sources had nothing with regard to the current study.
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