Better nutrition trajectory improves recovery following a hip fracture surgery for older persons with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Influences of nutritional status on hip fractured persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) following surgery have not been reported.
Aims: To explore the trajectory groups of nutritional status and their influences on post-operative recovery for older persons with hip fracture and DM.
Methods: A total of 169 patients with DM and hip fracture from a clinical trial were included in this analysis. Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess the nutritional status of the participants. Outcome variables included self-care ability, muscle strength, depressive symptoms, health related quality of life, and cognitive function, which were collected before discharge and 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months following hospital discharge.
Results: Among hip fractured older persons with DM, within two years following surgery there were three nutritional trajectory groups: malnourished (28.3%), at-risk of malnutrition (41.9%) and well-nourished (29.8%). A decline in nutritional status, especially for the malnourished group, was seen in the second year. A better nutritional trajectory was associated with better recovery outcomes, including self-care ability, health related quality of life, cognitive function and less depressive symptoms.
Discussion: Close to 30% of hip fractured persons with DM were considered to have a malnourished trajectory over 2 years following surgery. A poor nutritional trajectory was associated with poor mental health and physical recovery.
Conclusions: Continuous nutrition assessment during the first 2 years following hip fracture surgery for older persons with DM is important. Development and implementation of interventions targeting the malnourished trajectory group are suggested.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)