Being and Becoming Pregnant: Valuing Risks.

Pregnant women are insistently urged to limit or eliminate risks to their fetuses. This is done even when the risks to fetuses are only theoretical or minimal, and the health and well-being of the pregnant woman is at stake. When using reproductive and reprogenetic technologies, however, evaluations about what risks are acceptable to impose on embryos change radically. In the context of these technologies, women are not only allowed to impose risks on embryos, but actively encouraged to do so-insofar as they can be urged to use these technologies for various reasons. This article explores the problematic beliefs and social norms regarding motherhood that shape these apparently inconsistent risk evaluations.