Prognostic value of texture analysis of the primary tumour in high-risk neuroblastoma: An 18 F-DOPA PET study.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of texture analysis of the primary tumour with ¹⁸ fluorine-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography ( ¹⁸ F-DOPA PET/CT) in patients affected by high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL).
Methods: We retrospectively analysed 18 patients with HR-NBL, which had been prospectively enrolled in the course of a previous trial investigating the diagnostic role of ¹⁸ F-DOPA PET/CT at the time of the first onset. Texture analysis of the primary tumour was carried out on the PET images using LifeX. Conventional indices, histogram parameters, grey level co-occurrence (GLCM), run-length (GLRLM), neighbouring difference (NGLDM) and zone-length (GLZLM) matrices parameter were extracted; their values were compared with the overall metastatic load, expressed by means of whole-body metabolic burden (WBMB) score and the progression-free/overall survival (PFS and OS).
Results: There was a direct correlation between WBMB and radiomics parameter describing uptake intensity (SUV _mean : p = .004) and voxel heterogeneity (entropy: p = .026; GLCM&#95;Contrast: p = .001). Conversely, texture indices of homogeneity showed an inverse correlation with WBMB (energy: p = .026; GLCM&#95;Homogeneity: p = .006). On the multivariate model, WBMB (p < .01) and the first standardised uptake value (SUV) quartile (p < .001) predicted PFS; OS was predicted by WBMB and the N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN) amplification (p < .05) for both.
Conclusions: Textural parameters describing heterogeneity and metabolic intensity of the primary HR-NBL are closely associated with its overall metastatic burden. In turn, the whole-body tumour load appears to be one of the most relevant predictors of progression-free and overall survival.
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