Differential expression of non-coding RNAs and association with cerebral ischemic vascular disorders; diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.

Background: Over the last few decades, research associated with the coding genome, primarily DNA and transcriptome (mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA), has changed our understanding in several aspects, including physiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. A large proportion of the human genome that encodes proteins is essential for physiology. However, the human genome represents a significantly large proportion of non-translational, i.e., non-coding (nc) RNAs like microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. These ncRNAs do not translate into functional proteins but are associated with several events, such as the regulation of gene expression via several mechanisms. Our understanding of ncRNAs has advanced in the last decade, such as microRNAs and siRNAs, but still, several other ncRNAs remain unexplored. The study comprehended the association of ncRNAs in cerebral ischemia.
Methods: In this study searches utilizing multiple databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were made. The literature survey was done on ncRNA including short and lncRNA associated with the onset, and progression of cerebral ischemia. The literature search was also made for the studies associated with the diagnostic and therapeutic role of ncRNAs for cerebral ischemia.
Results and Discussion: Reports suggested that both short and long ncRNAs are critical players of gene expression and are hence associated with the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. The reports demonstrate ncRNAs precisely lncRNAs and microRNAs are not only associated with cerebral ischemia progression but also potential diagnostic and therapeutic candidates.
In Conclusion: This review is certainly helpful to understand the interplay of ncRNAs in understanding gene expression profile and pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. These ncRNAs molecules show potential for diagnostic and therapeutic development.
(© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Genetics Society of Korea.)