Surgery of resectable local recurrence following colorectal cancer: Compartmental surgery improves local control.

Background: This study aims to identify prognostic factors and define the best extent of surgery for optimizing treatment of local recurrence (LR) following colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods: An institutional database of consecutive patients who underwent radical resection (R0/R1) of LR following CRC was analyzed prospectively from 2010 to 2021 at one tertiary cancer center.
Results: In this study, 75 patients were included with LR following CRC and analyzed. Patients were categorized as compartmental resections (CompRe) (n = 47) if all adjacent organs were systematically removed, with or without tumor involvement, or noncompartmental resections (NoCompRe) (n = 28) if only contiguously involved organs were resected. NoCompRe were mainly related to contact between major vessels or bone and the tumor, with only 8/19 (42.1%) resections. Five-year overall survival and locoregional-free survival were 37.5% and 38.8% respectively. Local control was better in the CompRe than the NocompRe group (61.4% vs. 11%; p < 0.01). CompRe (hazard ratio: 2.34 [1.16-4.68]; p = 0.017) and absence of peritoneal metastasis (3.05 [1.03-9.02]; p = 0.044) were the two factors associated with decreased abdominal recurrences in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Complete compartmental surgery is safe and improves local control. Optimal LR resection needs to remove all contiguous organs, with or without tumor involvement.
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