DRESS characteristics according to the causative medication.

Background: To date, no study has identified a clear relationship between drug and a specific clinical presentation of DRESS.
Objectives: To investigate the particularities of DRESS and analyze the variation of DRESS pattern according to culprit drugs.
Methods: We analyzed cases of DRESS notified to the Department of Clinical Pharmacology at the University Hospital of Monastir over a 15-year period. The statistical study was performed using the comparative and multivariate analysis.
Results: DRESS was mostly induced by anticonvulsive agents (27%) followed by allopurinol (26.3%) and antibiotics (24%): For anticonvulsive agents, the occurrence of lymphadenopathy was higher, renal involvement was rare and mild, and positive skin tests were more frequent. The allopurinol group was associated with the patient's older age and a lower incidence of lymphadenopathy and kidney injury. For antibiotics, eosinophilia rate was lower, time to recovery was shorter, and RegiSCAR score was low. The multivariate analysis showed a link of allopurinol with severe renal impairment, antibiotics with short latency period and low RegiSCAR score, and anticonvulsants with high propensity of positive skin test.
Conclusion: We report the largest African and south Mediterranean cohort of DRESS and evaluated the usefulness of skin tests in identifying the culprit drug. The prominent finding was that latency period and renal involvement may independently differ according to culprit drugs.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)