A Low-Cost Mobile Training Model for Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery.

Aim: To design a practical, low-cost, and freely mobile training model for biportal endoscopic spine surgery to improve the surgeons? abilities in basic endoscopic skills, including triangulation, two-dimensional visualization, and one-handed control of the instruments.
Material and Methods: The training model involved three stages: triangulation, drilling, and punching. It was composed of sawbones covered by solid and impenetrable materials (a cardboard box was used), monitor (laptop or mobile phone), and hand tools, including an ear endoscope cameras for mobile phone and laptop, Dremel® style + rotary tool at 22000 rpm, Dremel® 2.0-mm diamond wheel point burr, Kerrison punch, No.11 blade, 18 G spinal needle, and mobile phone holder.
Results: The model was set up with easily accessible materials and could be performed everywhere. It can also be used to perform laminotomy on sawbones using a high-speed diamond burr and Kerrison punch under a two-dimensional endoscopic view.
Conclusion: The training model can be useful in improving the endoscopic skills of all spine surgeons, particularly neurosurgeons and those who have little to no experience in endoscopic procedures. Additionally, it can provide familiarity on two-dimensional endoscopic views and triangulation.