Revealing the nexus between tourism development and CO2 emissions in Asia: does asymmetry matter?

Asia is one of the fastest-growing regions in international tourism, economic growth, and CO2 emissions around the globe. However, the relationships between tourism and CO ₂ emissions are little and unclearly identified. The purpose of the study is to explore the asymmetric nexus between tourism and CO ₂ emissions in a panel of five high emitters Asian countries covering the period of 1995-2019 by using panel-NARDL-AMG. The empirical results reveal that a positive shock in tourism arrivals increases CO ₂ emissions, while a negative shock also increases CO ₂ emissions in the long run. Moreover, a negative shock has a greater effect on CO ₂ emissions than a positive shock in Asia in the long run. Tourism receipts are expected to maintain the robustness of CO ₂ emissions in the long run in Asian economies. The authorities should develop and design green international tourism activities in the Asian economies.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)