Functional capacity, sarcopenia, and bone health.

Bone and muscle are recognised as interacting tissues, the so-called 'muscle-bone unit', in which these two tissues communicate to coordinate their development (chemically and metabolically), as well as their response to loading or injury. Musculoskeletal disorders of ageing, specifically osteoporosis and sarcopenia, are highly prevalent in older individuals. They signify a significant burden for older people affecting their mobility, confidence, and quality of life, as well as being a major cost to healthcare systems worldwide. This review considers the coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in individuals and describes risk factors, clinical consequences, approaches to management, and the link with functional capacity.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest ED has received consultancy and speaker fees from Viatris, Pfizer, UCB and Lilly outside the submitted work. HP and FL have no conflicts to declare. CC has received lecture fees and honoraria from Amgen, Danone, Eli Lilly, GSK, Kyowa Kirin, Medtronic, Merck, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Shire, Takeda and UCB outside of the submitted work.
(Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)