MEL-28/ELYS and CENP-C coordinately control outer kinetochore assembly and meiotic chromosome-microtubule interactions.

During mitosis and meiosis in the majority of eukaryotes, centromeric chromatin comprised of CENP-A nucleosomes and their reader CENP-C recruits components of the outer kinetochore to build an interface with spindle microtubules. ^{1 , 2} One exception is C. elegans oocyte meiosis, where outer kinetochore proteins form cup-like structures on chromosomes independently of centromeric chromatin. ³ Here, we show that the nucleoporin MEL-28 (ortholog of human ELYS) and CENP-C ^HCP-4 act in parallel to recruit outer kinetochore components to oocyte meiotic chromosomes. Unexpectedly, co-inhibition of MEL-28 and CENP-C ^HCP-4 resulted in chromosomes being expelled from the meiotic spindle prior to anaphase onset, a more severe phenotype than what was observed following ablation of the outer kinetochore. ^{4 , 5} This observation suggested that MEL-28 and the outer kinetochore independently link chromosomes to spindle microtubules. Consistent with this, the chromosome expulsion defect was observed following co-inhibition of MEL-28 and the microtubule-coupling KNL-1/MIS-12/NDC-80 (KMN) network of the outer kinetochore. Use of engineered mutants showed that MEL-28 acts in conjunction with the microtubule-binding NDC-80 complex to keep chromosomes within the oocyte meiotic spindle and that this function likely involves the Y-complex of nucleoporins that associate with MEL-28; by contrast, the ability to dock protein phosphatase 1, shared by MEL-28 and KNL-1, is not involved. These results highlight nuclear pore-independent functions for a conserved nucleoporin and explain two unusual features of oocyte meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans: centromeric chromatin-independent outer kinetochore assembly, and dispensability of the outer kinetochore for constraining chromosomes in the acentrosomal meiotic spindle.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests N.H. is currently an employee of AstraZeneca.
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