Higher In Vivo Fecal Concentrations of Clostridioides difficile Toxins A and B in Patients With North American Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Type 1/Ribotype 027 Strain Infection.

Ultrasensitive, quantitative Clostridioides difficile stool toxin measurement demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of toxins A and B in patients infected with the North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1/ribotype 027 (NAP-1/027) strain compared with other strains, providing in vivo confirmation of the in vitro association between NAP-1/027 and elevated toxin production.
Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest . C. D. A. has received grant support from Merck (investigator-initiated award, paid to their institution) and an NIH Loan Repayment Award, outside the submitted work. C. P. K. reports stock ownership options with First Light; has served as an investigator for a Pfizer-sponsored research study; has served as an investigator for a Merck-sponsored research study; has served as an investigator for a Janssen-sponsored research study; has acted as a paid consultant to Artugen (scientific advisor on clinical and clinical research aspects of Clostridioides difficile infection [CDI]), Facile Therapeutics (scientific advisor on clinical and clinical research aspects of CDI), Ferring (scientific advisor on clinical and clinical research aspects of CDI), First Light Biosciences (scientific advisor on clinical and clinical research aspects of diagnosis of CDI), Finch (scientific advisor on clinical and clinical research aspects of CDI), Janssen (J&J) (scientific advisor on clinical and research aspects of CDI), Matrivax (scientific advisor on C. difficile vaccine development), Merck (scientific advisor on clinical and research aspects of CDI), Seres, Pfizer (scientific advisor on C. difficile vaccine development), and Vedanta (scientific advisor on clinical and clinical research aspects of CDI). K. W. G. has received grant support from Acurx, Paratek, Summit, and Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (research grants paid to the university) and has received consulting fees from Acurx and Summit Pharmaceuticals. M. M., A. F., A. L., and A. B. are employees of bioMérieux. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
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